अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च ।तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन ॥
aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca |tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kurunandana ||
- अप्रकाशः · aprakāśaḥ
- absence of light, dullness
- अप्रवृत्तिः · apravṛttiḥ
- inaction, paralysis
- प्रमादः · pramādaḥ
- negligence, confusion
- मोहः · mohaḥ
- delusion
- तमसि · tamasi
- when inertia
- एतानि · etāni
- these
- जायन्ते · jāyante
- arise
- विवृद्धे · vivṛddhe
- when increased
- कुरुनन्दन · kurunandana
- O delight of the Kurus
“Darkness of mind, paralysis, negligence, and delusion — these arise when inertia is ascendant, O delight of the Kurus.”
— Original plain-language translation
Tamas is diagnosed by absence: no light, no movement, no care, no truth. Where rajas overdoes, tamas underdoes — duties slide and judgment fogs. The remedy in the Gita's spirit is small sattvic acts: order, cleanliness, and honest effort.
— Reader's notes (original)