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2.11Krishna
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श्रीभगवानुवाच ।अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे ।गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः ॥

śrībhagavān uvāca |aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñāvādāṃś ca bhāṣase |gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ||

श्रीभगवान् · śrībhagavān
the Blessed Lord
उवाच · uvāca
said
अशोच्यान् · aśocyān
those not to be grieved for
अन्वशोचः · anvaśocaḥ
you grieve for
त्वम् · tvam
you
प्रज्ञावादान् · prajñāvādān
words of wisdom
· ca
and
भाषसे · bhāṣase
you speak
गतासून् · gatāsūn
for the dead (those whose breath has gone)
अगतासून् · agatāsūn
for the living (those whose breath has not gone)
· ca
and
· na
not
अनुशोचन्ति · anuśocanti
grieve
पण्डिताः · paṇḍitāḥ
the wise

The Blessed Lord said: You grieve for those who should not be grieved for, yet you speak words of wisdom. The wise grieve neither for the dead nor for the living.

Original plain-language translation

The teaching opens with a paradox Arjuna must untangle: his words are wise, his grief misplaced. Krishna does not deny death — he denies that the wise locate the person in what dies. Everything from 2.12 to 2.30 unpacks this single sentence.

Reader's notes (original)